To expel a member, what is typically required?

• A. A simple majority vote by the board.
• B. Expulsion is not allowed.
• C. A defined process per bylaws including an investigation and a vote; typically with due process.
• D. A decision by the president alone.

Answer: (C)

Expelling a member is a serious governance action, so organizations rely on a formal process defined in the bylaws. That means there’s typically an investigation into the alleged conduct, notice and a chance for the member to respond, and a vote by the appropriate governing body. This approach, with due process, protects both the organization and the individual and provides a fair basis for the decision. A simple board vote on the spot or a unilateral president’s decision would skip essential safeguards, and stating that expulsion isn’t allowed isn’t correct in most clubs.